The commutative and associative rules do not apply to subtraction and division.

For example:

• 6 – 5 ≠ 5 – 6
• 12 ÷ 3 ≠ 3 ÷ 12
• (12 – 3) – 1 ≠ 12 – (3 – 1)
• (12 ÷ 3) ÷ 2 ≠ 12 ÷ (3 ÷ 2)

Question 1

Calculate each of the following.

a	(36 ÷ 6) ÷ 3 =
b	36 ÷ (6 ÷ 3) =

Question 2

Calculate each of the following.

a	(12 – 3) – 1 =
b	12 – (3 – 1) =